Abstract
The idea of a “Hydrogen Economy” is that carbon containing fuels should be replaced by hydrogen, thus eliminating air pollution and growth of CO2 in the atmosphere. However, storage of a gas, its transport and reconversion to electricity doubles the cost of H2 from the electrolyzer. Methanol made with CO2 from the atmosphere is a zero carbon fuel created from inexhaustible components from the atmosphere. Extensive work on the splitting of water by bacteria shows that if wastes are used as the origin of feed for certain bacteria, the cost for hydrogen becomes lower than any yet known. The first creation of hydrogen and electricity from light was carried out in 1976 by Ohashi et al. at Flinders University in Australia. Improvements in knowledge of the structure of the semiconductor-solution system used in a solar breakdown of water has led to the discovery of surface states which take part in giving rise to hydrogen (Khan). Photoelectrocatalysis made a ten times increase in the efficiency of the photo production of hydrogen from water. The use of two electrode cells; p and n semiconductors respectively, was first introduced by Uosaki in 1978. Most photoanodes decompose during the photoelectrolysis. To avoid this, it has been necessary to create a transparent shield between the semiconductor and its electronic properties and the solution. In this way, 8.5% at 25 °C and 9.5% at 50 °C has been reached in the photo dissociation of water (GaP and InAs) by Kainthla and Barbara Zeleney in 1989. A large consortium has been funded by the US government at the California Institute of Technology under the direction of Nathan Lewis. The decomposition of water by light is the main aim of this group. Whether light will be the origin of the post fossil fuel supply of energy may be questionable, but the maximum program in this direction is likely to come from Cal. Tech.
Highlights
Copernicus (1473–1543) discovered the heliocentric nature of our position in the universe
The decomposition of water by light is the main aim of this group
Whether light will be the origin of the post fossil fuel supply of energy may be questionable, but the maximum program in this direction is likely to come from Cal
Summary
Copernicus (1473–1543) discovered the heliocentric nature of our position in the universe. Freud (1856–1939) made us realize that most of what we are is unconscious inside us Of these grand founders of the world which we have made in four centuries, leaves out the extraordinary experimenter who discovered electromagnetism, Michael Faraday (1791–1867). If we tried to put in order of importance his discoveries, it would be difficult to find something more far reaching than electromagnetism. It led to our electric motors and our ability to communicate across the world. It is not difficult to see the number two discovery of Faraday after electromagnetism [1] He was the first man who found out how to split water, finding that this liquid consists of a couple of gases! I will bring the reader from 1980 to 2011 in respect to the light oriented aspects of the work
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