Hydrogen trends in the transformation of international economic relations: concepts and realities

Abstract

The modern international energy agenda is aimed at solving the problem of climate change and at developing clean energy technologies. Prospects of the world energy market related to hydrogen technologies in some cases lead to the adoption of insufficiently substantiated geopolitical and mutually beneficial technological solutions. In this regard, there is a progressive transition from carbon fuel to post-carbon (hydrogen), the paradigm of world energy is changing. The actual question arises of how this transformation will affect the energy security of the countries of the world. The intensification of strategic initiative for the development of hydrogen energy sources is an economically controversial but necessary step in terms of social and environmental effects. The article attempts to consider hydrogen from the point of view of an integral assessment of its characteristics and new geopolitical realities. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the impact of the upcoming energy crisis, which changed approaches to European energy security, has not yet been sufficiently studied in scientific research against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis and the subsequent sanctions against Russia. In the course of ongoing geopolitical events, the idea of hydrogen transformation requires studying the influence of the above factors in order to understand the upcoming changes and new realities in international energy cooperation.