Abstract
The design of biomaterial platforms able to release bioactive molecules is mandatory in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. In this context, electrospinning is a user-friendly, versatile and low-cost technique, able to process different kinds of materials in micro- and nano-fibers with a large surface area-to-volume ratio for an optimal release of gaseous signaling molecules. Recently, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the endogenous gasotramsmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as well as its ability to stimulate relevant biochemical processes on the growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), have been investigated. Therefore, in this work, new poly(lactic) acid fibrous membranes (PFM), doped and functionalized with H2S slow-releasing donors extracted from garlic, were synthetized. These innovative H2S-releasing mats were characterized for their morphological, thermal, mechanical, and biological properties. Their antimicrobial activity and effects on the in vitro human cardiac MSC growth, either in the presence or in the absence of oxidative stress, were here assessed. On the basis of the results here presented, these new H2S-releasing PFM could represent promising and low-cost scaffolds or patches for biomedical applications in tissue repair.
Highlights
One of the main targets of regenerative medicine is the emulation of the physiological environment by fine-tuning of an array of biochemical and physical stimuli in order to improve stem cells proliferation and differentiation
The H2S release from garlic oil-soluble extract (GaOS) extract, GaOS doped, and organosulfur compounds (OSCs) functionalized poly(lactic) acid fibrous membranes (PFM) was estimated by methylene blue (MB) assay, which consists in the reaction between sulfide and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediaminesulphate, in the presence of the oxidizing agent Fe3+ in hydrochloric acid, to form methylene blue, involving a 1:2 stoichiometry [30]
Cell studies were performed using human Lin− Sca-1pos cardiac mesenchymal stem cells line, which was obtained and characterized as previously described [68,69], using cells isolated from human auricular biopsies made during the course of coronary artery bypass surgery of patients undergoing cardiac surgery who accepted to be enrolled in the research study after signing a written consent form according to a joint protocol approved by the Ethic Committees of Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara and University Hospital Le Molinette, Turin 2011
Summary
One of the main targets of regenerative medicine is the emulation of the physiological environment by fine-tuning of an array of biochemical and physical stimuli in order to improve stem cells proliferation and differentiation. The metabolism of organosulfur compounds (OSCs) derived from garlic leads to the production of H2S slow-releasing donors with antimicrobial, antioxidant [17,18] and anti-inflammatory properties [19], heart protection, chemo-sensitization features and in vitro inhibition of tumour cells proliferation through the induction of apoptosis [19]. Their H2S-release can be prolonged and potentiated by biological thiols that are normally present in the biological systems such as: protein-thiols groups, cysteine, and glutathione. The influence of the H2S-releasing PFM on adult stem cells was here assessed
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