Abstract
Together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as a vital gaseous transmitter. The ubiquitous distributions of H2S-producing enzymes and potent chemical reactivities of H2S in biological systems make H2S unique in its ability to regulate cellular and organ functions in both health and disease. Acting as an antioxidant, H2S can combat oxidative species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and protect the skin from oxidative stress. The aberrant metabolism of H2S is involved in the pathogenesis of several skin diseases, such as vascular disorders, psoriasis, ulcers, pigment disorders, and melanoma. Furthermore, H2S donors and some H2S hybrids have been evaluated in many experimental models of human disease and have shown promising therapeutic results. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding H2S and its antioxidant effects on skin pathology, the roles of altered H2S metabolism in skin disorders, and the potential value of H2S as a therapeutic intervention in skin diseases.
Highlights
The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S), recognized as the third gaseous signalling molecule along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is produced enzymatically in mammals under physiological conditions [1]
In 1996, Abe and Jincun reported the role of endogenous H2S in neuroregulation, which ushered in a new era of H2S and revealed its biological and pharmacological functions [3]
The inhibitory effect of DATS on invasion and metastasis in A375 cells was found to correlate with decreased levels of several integrin subunits and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) [78]. These results suggest that the antimetastatic potential of DATS for human melanoma cells might be due to disruption of the integrin/FAK signalling pathway
Summary
The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S), recognized as the third gaseous signalling molecule along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is produced enzymatically in mammals under physiological conditions [1]. In 1996, Abe and Jincun reported the role of endogenous H2S in neuroregulation, which ushered in a new era of H2S and revealed its biological and pharmacological functions [3]. A number of important biological effects of H2S were reported, including its vasorelaxation, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress effects [3,4,5,6]. Emerging evidence has shown that endogenous H2S exhibits important functions by regulating multiple biological processes, in the skin. We summarize the latest research progress on H2S-mediated effects, focusing on the most recent results and mechanism of the antioxidant effect of H2S in various skin diseases, to provide new insights into further exploration of its therapeutic targets
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