Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been considered as a crucial gaseous transmitter occupying extensive roles in physiological and biochemical processes throughout the life of plant species. Furthermore, plenty of achievements have been announced regarding H2S working in combination with other signal molecules to mitigate environmental damage, such as nitric oxide (NO), abscisic acid (ABA), calcium ion (Ca2+), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), proline (Pro), and melatonin (MT). This review summarizes the current knowledge within the mechanism of H2S and the above signal compounds in response to abiotic stresses in plants, including maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, exchanging metal ion transport, regulating stomatal aperture, and altering gene expression and enzyme activities. The potential relationship between H2S and other signal transmitters is also proposed and discussed.
Highlights
Several abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, flooding, heat, cold, and freezing result in the loss of crop production and a drop in economy in the world
When plants are subjected to adversity stress, a series of changes will occur in the hormone levels, thereby initiating or regulating certain physiological and biochemical processes related to stress resistance to complete the response to adversity
There exists a legible clue that environmental stresses and various signal transmitters stimulate endogenous H2S generation and improve the activities of H2S synthesis enzymes under the stress condition
Summary
Several abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, flooding, heat, cold, and freezing result in the loss of crop production and a drop in economy in the world. There are many kinds of mechanisms for plants to respond to abiotic stresses, including plant hormones, osmotic regulators, active oxygen scavenging systems, genes, and proteins. Some plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), and melatonin (MT) could alleviate abiotic stresses together with H2S in the process of plant growth and development. Some ionic signals such as calcium ion (Ca2+) and H2S are interrelated under stresses [23]. H2S and NO help plants to cope with oxidative stress induced by salinity These results suggest that both H2S and NO contribute to enhancing salt tolerance. H2S and NO may act downstream of MT to alleviate salt stress in pepper seedlings [41]
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