Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the important biological mediators involved in physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Recently developed H2S donors show promising effects against several pathological processes in preclinical and early clinical studies. For example, H2S donors have been found to be effective in the prevention of gastrointestinal ulcers during anti-inflammatory treatment. Notably, there are well-established medicines used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, whose chemical structure contains sulfur moieties and may release H2S. Hence, the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be partly the result of the release of H2S occurring during drug metabolism and/or the effect of these drugs on the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. In this work, we review data regarding sulfur drugs commonly used in clinical practice that can support the hypothesis about H2S-dependent pharmacotherapeutic effects of these drugs.
Highlights
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by a variety of organisms, e.g., bacteria, fungi, plants and animals
The persulfidation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap) 1 Cys151 leads to the dissociation of the protein from nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), subsequent translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, thereby promoting the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) induced carbon monoxide (CO) production [71]
These species are produced by various cellular enzymes (NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled NOS) and their mutual interaction leads to the formation of numerous products, contributing mostly to the redox biology of the cell [77,78,79,80,81]
Summary
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by a variety of organisms, e.g., bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. A number of important biological actions of H2S were described, including vasorelaxation [3], changes in brain neurotransmission [4,5,6], and the effect on neuronal K+ channel activity [7]. These effects are believed to be mediated by physiological concentrations of H2S. TThhee HH22SS ggaass iiss ccoolloorrlleessss aanndd flflaammmmaabbllee. HIn2Sa[d2d0i]t.ioInn,aderdyitthiorno,cyerteystharroecyatbelseatroe acbolnevteortcoenlevmeretnetlaelmseunlftuarl stuolfHurS-tobHy Sn-obnynenozny-emnaztyicmaretidcurcetdiouncti[o2n1][.2H1]2.SHi2sSgiesngeernaeterdateidn itnhethetistsisuseusesbbyyccyyssteteininee mmeettaabboolliizziinngg eennzzyymmeess,, ccyyssttaatthhiioonniinneeβ-sβy-nstyhnatshea(sCeBS)(,CcBySst)a, thicoynsitnaethγi-olnyainsee (CγSE-l)yaansed 3-(mCeSrEca) ptoapnydruv3a-tme seurclfauprttorapnysrfuevraastee (s3u-lMfuSrTtr)ainnscfeornajsuen(c3t-ioMnSwT)itihnccyosntejuinnectaiomninwoittrhancsyfsetreainsee (aCmAiTn)o.tCraBnSsfaenrdasCe S(CEAarTe).aCpBaSrtaonfdthCeSrEevaerresea tpraarntsosfutlhfuerraetvioenrsepatrtahnwssauy.lfTuhraetiβo-nreppaltahcwemaye.nTthreeaβc-rtieopnlaocfemhoemntorceyasctteiionneowf hitohmseorciynseteiisnceawtailtyhzseedribnye tihs ecCaBtaSlyazneddgebnyertahtees CcyBsStatahniodnigneen. eCraStEescatcaylsytzaethsitohneinαe,γ. -CelSimE incaattiaolnyzoefscytshteathαi,oγn-einliemtioncaytisotneinoef, αcy-ksteattohbiuontyinraetetoancdyNsteHin3e. ,Hα2-Skiestogbeunteyrraatteed asundbseNqHue3.ntHly2Sbyisthgeeβn-eerlaimtedinastuiobnserqeuacetnitolny obfycytshteeinβecealitmaliynzaetdiobnyreeiathcteironCBoSf ocrysCteSiEn.eAclatetranlyaztievdelby,yCeSiEthceartaClyBzSesorthCeScEo.nAvelrtesironnatoivf eclyys,tiCnSeEtoctahtiaolcyyzsetseitnhee, pcoynruvverastieoannodf NcyHs3ti,nseubtosetqhuioencytlsyteliinbee,raptyinrugvHat2eS a[2n2d].NCHA3T, scuabtasleyqzueesntthlye cliobnevraetrisniognHo2fSc[y2s2te].inCeAtoT αca-ktaeltyozgelsuttahreateco, npvroerdsuiocningof3-cmysetrecianpetotopyαru-kveattoeg. lu3t-aMraStTe, spurbosdeuqcuienngtly3-mfoerrmcaspatoppeyrrsuuvlfiatdee. o3n-MthSTe esnuzbysemqeu,elnibtleyrafotirnmgsHa2pSeursnudlfeirdereodnucthinegencozynmdieti,olnibse[r2a3ti]n. gCHB2SSruenpdreesrernetdsutchiengmcaoinndHit2ioSn-gse[n2e3r].atCinBgS erenpzryemseenitns ththeebrmaiani,nwHhe2rSe-gasenCeSraEtidnogmeinnaztyems ien tihne tchaerdiborvaainsc, uwlahr esryesatsemC[S2E4,2d5o].mTinhaetaesctivinitythoef 3c-aMrdSiTovsaesecmuslatrosbyestheimgh[e2s4t,i2n5]t.hTehaedraecntiavlictyorotefx3[-2M6S].TTsheeemexsprtoesbsieonhiogfhtehset einnzthyme aedwreansaallscoorrteepxo[r2te6d]. iTnheereyxthprroescsyitoens o[2f7t]h.e Aenllzyenmzeymwaess aclasno breepfoorutenddininetrhyethlruoncgyste, sli[v2e7r],. kAidllneenyzsymaneds cgaanstbroeinfoteusntdinainl ttrhaectlu[2n8g–s3,1l]i.vRere,gkairddninegysthaensdubg-acsetlrluoilnartedsitsitnraibl utrtiaocnt ,[C28B–S3a1n].dRCeSgEaradriencgyttohseosliucbe-nczeyllmuleasr[d32is]t,rwibhuetrieoans, 3C-BMSSaTnids pCrSeEseanrtemcyotsotslyoliinc ethnezymmiteosch[3o2n]d, wriahe[3re3a].sH3-oMwSeTveisr,ptrraensesnlotcmatoiosntlyofinthtehseemenitzoycmhoensdbreitaw[e3e3n]. cHoomwpeavrtemr,entrtsanisslpoocsastiibolne uonfdethr espseeciefinczcyomnedsitiobnestw[3e3e,n34]c.oImn padardtimtioennttso cisystpeoinsesimbleetaubnoldisemr ,sspeevceirfaicl ocothnedriptiaotnhsw[a3y3s,3o4f].HIn2Sabdidosityinonthetosiscywseterienpermopeotsaebdo,liisnmcl,usdeivnegrtahleortehdeur cptiaotnhwofatyhsioorfedHo2xSinbiboysycnattahleassies owretrheiopsruolpfaotseebdy, itnhciolusduilnfagtethreedruecdtausceti[o3n5,3o6f].thFioinraeldlyo,xginutbbyacctaetrailaaseexporrestshsiopseucliffiacteHb2yS-pthrioodsuuclfiantge erendzyumctaesse, n[a3m5,3el6y].cFyisnteailnlye,dgeusut lbfhayctderraiasee[x3p7r,3e8ss] asnpdecsiufilcfitHe 2rSe-dpurcotdauseci[n3g9]e. nzymes, namely cysteine desulfhydrase [37,38] and sulfite reductase [39]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
