Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a phytotoxic gas, is considered a signaling molecule at low concentrations with multiple physiological functions in plants during growth, development, germination, and response mechanisms to abiotic stress. Several reports have indicated that H2S is released in plant cells as a crucial signal for the survival under different abiotic stress conditions. H2S provides systemic resistance to different abiotic stress conditions mainly by reestablishing redox homeostasis, enhancing osmolyte accumulation, maintaining ion balance, and regulating gene expression. It also improves the plant tolerance to abiotic stress with its capacity to react with thiol groups. Like other gaseous signal molecules, H2S is integrated in complex signaling networks with various second messengers such as calcium, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and abscisic acid (ABA). The objective of this review is to summarize the potential physiological functions of H2S under various abiotic stresses.
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