Abstract
Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRS) are a key infrastructure to the successful deployment of hydrogen mobility. Their cost-effectiveness will represent an increasingly crucial issue considering the foreseen growth of vehicle fleets, from few captive fleets to large-scale penetration of hydrogen vehicles. In this context a detailed, component-oriented cost model is important to assess HRS costs for different design concepts, layout schemes and possible customizations, respect to aggregate tools which are mostly available in literature. In this work an improved version of a previously developed component-oriented, scale-sensitive HRS cost model is applied to 5 different European HRS developed within the 3Emotion project with different refueling capacities (kgH2/day), hydrogen supply schemes (in-situ production or delivery), storage volumes and pressures and operational strategies. The model output allows to assess the upfront investment cost (CAPEX), the annual operational cost (OPEX) and the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) at the dispenser and identify the most crucial cost components. The results for the five analyzed HRS sites show an LCOH at the nozzle of around 8-9 €/kg for delivery based HRSs, which are mainly dominated by the H2 retail price and transport service price and around 11-12 €/kg for on-site producing HRS, for which the electrolyzer CAPEX and electricity price plays a key role in the cost structure. The compression, storage, and dispensing sections account for between 1-3 €/kg according to the specific design & performance requirements of the HRS. The total LCOH values are comparable with literature, standard market prices for similar scale HRSs and with the 3Emotion project targets.
Highlights
Hydrogen fuelling stations (HRSs) are one of the most critical parts of the distribution infrastructure required to implement hydrogen-powered mobility
The cost model has been run for the five HRS sites, considering a classical project finance approach with a standard time horizon of 15 years and an interest rate i equal to 7%
The dispensing system does not usually represent a significant portion of the total cost, the dispensing can become more relevant in HRS with many dispensing points (e.g., Pau) or with fast fuelling or dual-pressure dispensers (e.g. Versailles) and the dispensing system design is directly linked to the vehicle fleet refueling logistics, which can play a key role in the operation of the HRS
Summary
Hydrogen fuelling stations (HRSs) are one of the most critical parts of the distribution infrastructure required to implement hydrogen-powered mobility. Without a widespread hydrogen refuelling network, hydrogen vehicles are strongly limited in terms of operation and their commercial deployment will be very limited. This situation could rapidly change with the mass deployment of hydrogen mobility projects both in terms of hydrogen-powered vehicles and refuelling infrastructure, with about 3700 refuelling stations announced and planned in Europe by 2030 4. The deployment of HRSs throughout European cities is crucial to provide a valid commercial benchmark for the hydrogen stations in terms of used technology (production and distribution), technical specifications, layout, and economics 5
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