Hydrogen promoted Ti3Al precipitation during Ti-6Al-4V martensite tempering

Abstract

Temporary hydrogen alloying (THA) treatments are extensively used to refine coarse Ti-6Al-4V microstructures. The present study focuses on a THA treatment which promotes martensite decomposition; it highlights the effect of hydrogen on tempered martensite evolution by comparing martensite decomposition in hydrogenated and control samples. Microstructure evolution was characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Bulk XRD measurements indicate that quenching hydrogenated Ti-6Al-4V from the beta region causes a partial beta to hexagonal (α’) plus orthorhombic (α’’) martensite transformation. The EBSD, TKD and HRTEM analyses show that hydrogen saturated plate martensite decomposes to form a nanobanded structure which consists of nanosized, periodical Al-rich, and V-rich HCP regions that stabilise D019 Ti3Al within 3 h of tempering. In comparison, typical martensite decomposition is observed in the control experiment. Quenching non-hydrogenated Ti-6Al-4V from the beta region causes a full beta to hexagonal (α’) martensite transformation. Elemental partitioning occurs, but not to the extent that D019 Ti3Al is promoted and compositional banding is not observed. Formation of the nanobanded structure suggests that hydrogen altered the transformation pathway in hydrogenated martensite because of the presence of α’’possibly promoting spinodal decomposition.