Abstract
The kinetics of the coal to hydrogen conversion can be significantly enhanced by introducing catalysts. The catalysts are, however, commonly deactivated by irreversible interaction with mineral matters in coal. This work addresses hydrogen production via steam gasification of ash free coals. Following the production of ash free coals (AFCs) derived from various raw coals (brown, bituminous, and coking coal), fixed-bed steam gasification of the AFCs was performed as a function of temperature and which was compared with one another and also with that of the matching raw coals. In the absence of a catalyst, AFCs produced from different parent coals exhibited similarly low gasification reactivity, comparable to a high rank coal (coking coal) at 700 °C. As expected, the reaction became faster with increasing temperature in the range, 700–900 °C. The steam gasification of AFCs was highly activated by K2CO3 above 700 °C. It was very likely that water–gas shift reaction associated with the gasification of AFCs was also catalyzed.
Highlights
IntroductionAccording to the Colombian Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), the natural gas (NG) consumption in the country will increase by around 4% per year until 1070 MMCFD (million cubic feet per day) in 2020, and it will reach 1330 MMFCD by 2030
According to the Colombian Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), the natural gas (NG) consumption in the country will increase by around 4% per year until 1070 MMCFD in 2020, and it will reach 1330 MMFCD by 2030
The HHVsyngas, cold gas efficiency (CGE), and syngas mass flow rate are presented as a function of the ultimate analysis (C+H/O ratio), HHVcoal, and proximate analysis (VM/FC ratio), for all coal types and feeding technologies
Summary
According to the Colombian Mining and Energy Planning Unit (UPME), the NG consumption in the country will increase by around 4% per year until 1070 MMCFD (million cubic feet per day) in 2020, and it will reach 1330 MMFCD by 2030. The existing gas reserves and production reports in Colombia indicate that local demand of NG may be satisfied until 2019 [1]. In this context, it is necessary to search for alternatives to reduce NG future imports given its high share (18.4%) on the primary energy consumption in the country [2]. In Colombia, which has the largest coal reserves in Latin America and is the fifth exporter of thermal coal in the world, coal production has experienced an annual average growth of 8% over the last decade [4], and nowadays the country exhibits a 91 years R/P ratio.
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