Hydrogen production, storage, and transportation and grid line support application

Abstract

The clean energy demand worldwide has increased significantly with the increase in population. One of the most potential candidates to fulfill the energy requirements is renewable resources, and the most environmentally friendly fuel is hydrogen. This study concentrates on hydrogen technology and introduces its production, storage, transportation, and gridline support application. Results show that methane steam reforming and electrolysis of water are common hydrogen production methods. The electrolysis of water technique can be close to renewable energy source because of device simplicity. In addition, produced hydrogen gases or liquid are stored in natural sites such as salt caverns or vessels made of metals, polymers, and composites. The composite hydrogen vessel benefits from light weight and high-pressure limit for movable storage such as transportation, while the low-cost metal container fits the purpose of stationary storage. The fuel cell can power electric motors for busses and cars without a carbon footprint by burning hydrogen gases. Finally, the physical storage of hydrogen gases or liquid can have high scalability to store seasonal fluctuation of renewable energy to gridline.