Abstract
Hydrogen could be the important energy sources of the next period provided that its production, transportation, and storage are solved. In this paper review of the production of hydrogen from lignocellulosic feedstock is given. The process is analyzed in all its phases and alternative solutions. Two different, alternative biomass gasification process - direct and indirect, and two different, alternative reforming model - partial oxidation and steam reforming are described. Gas cleaning is also provided with two different, alternative concepts - cold and hot cleaning. Conversion of the working gas and the separation of hydrogen from CO2 and other impurities are still used as a method in the tubular membrane reactor - all in one place which significantly reduced the cost of 1 kg of hydrogen. In all these processes is especially taken into consideration on the integration of energy in the process, which is also significantly contributed to the better price of hydrogen.
Highlights
Biomasa se pere tokom svježe vode i tako se uklanja prljavština i prašina iz biomase
Sljedeća istraživanja će se bazirati na proizvodnju vodonika u najmanje dva koraka u procesu: prvi korak je gasifikacija biomase vodenom parom pri optimalnim uslovima definisanim u radu [22] a drugi korak je uklanjanje katrana i čađi iz gasa termičkim ili katalitičkim krekovanjem
[30] Y.Choi, H.G.Stenger (2003) Water gas shift reaction kinetics and reactor modeling for fuel cell grade hydrogen, Journal of Power Sources, 124, 432 439
Summary
Proces proizvodnje vodonika gasifikacijom biomase sastoji se od sljedećih faza: predtretman biomase, gasifikacija biomase i prečišćavanje gasa. Gasifikacija biomase može biti atmosferska ili pod pritiskom a može biti direktna ili indirektna. Vrsta gasifikacije direktno utiče na sastav gasa i sadržaj u njemu vodonika. Postoje dvije tipične konfiguracije procesa gasifikacije a samim time i dva tipa gasifikatora: gasifikacija pod pritiskom ili direktna gasifikacija sa gasifikatorom tipa „Renugas gasifikator“ i gasifikacija atmosferska ili indirektna sa gasifikatorom tipa BCL. Direktna ili gasifikacija pod pritiskom povećanjem udjela vodene pare u smjesi vodena para – vazduh omogućava maksimalnu proizvodnju vodonika [13]. Renugas gasifikator proizvodi gas koji sadrži i CO2 dok se sadržaj CH4 može reformiranjem prevesti u vodonik. Sljedeći korak u procesu gasifikacije biomase je reforming gasa radi povećanja prinosa vodonika. Ako se gasifikacija vodi pod pritiskom bira se toplo prečišćavanje gasa. Danas se izvode istraživanja za osmišljavanje konvertora sa permeabilnom membranom [14,15,16,17]
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