Hydrogen Production and Applications: A review

Abstract

A hydrogen fuel cell car, known as a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), is essentially an electric vehicle that primarily relies on a fuel cell to generate energy. It also includes a secondary role for a battery within the powertrain. This technological configuration operates through four main scenarios, with the primary energy source being Hydrogen from onboard tanks, which powers the vehicle through the fuel cell and its associated components. Here's a breakdown of how it functions: Hydrogen enters the anode and interacts with a catalyst that separates hydrogen atoms, releasing electrons and protons. A conductive current collector connected to the vehicle's high-voltage circuitry collects these electrons. This electricity can charge the battery and/or drive the motors responsible for propelling the wheels. Fuel cells come in various types, characterized by the type of electrolyte they use, such as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC). While all these fuel cell types can generate electricity, their efficiency can range from 30% to 60%. Although hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have shown promise, their adoption is still in its early stages due to challenges related to infrastructure, costs, and ongoing technological advancements. Our current research focuses on hydrogen production from renewable sources and its application in fuel cells to provide the required electrical power for electric vehicle propulsion. We aim to improve energy efficiency over a specified cycle and present a comprehensive analysis of our findings.