Hydrogen in Storage and Transportation

Abstract

Abstract Liquid hydrogen provides advantages over compressed hydrogen in storage and transportation, and this presentation will explore the advantages and disadvantages of liquid hydrogen over compressed hydrogen gas in onshore storage and long-range marine hydrogen transportation. One of the key storage differences between liquid hydrogen and compressed hydrogen is the key advantage that liquid hydrogen has a higher density than compressed hydrogen in storage. Relative to compressed hydrogen, more compact containment could be used. At the marine loading facility, means of recovering or reliquefying the hydrogen boil-off gas could be present, accommodating one of the significant downsides of transportation of hydrogen as liquid. Static storage has its set of issues, but transportation can be more demanding. Long range marine transportation puts significant constraints on the size of the hydrogen containers. However, marine transportation of liquid hydrogen may not have a means of recovering the boil-off gas. Key decision points distinguishing compressed hydrogen gas and liquid hydrogen are presented. Additionally, options for on-board refrigeration and use of boil-off gas are also discussed. The presentation provides an introduction to hydrogen storage and transportation and the impacts of using liquid hydrogen during storage and transportation vis a vis compressed hydrogen gas, as presented in a series of graphics and charts. This allows the session participant to understand the key issues with onshore storage and marine transportation of hydrogen.