Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on aluminum and stainless steel cathodes in ammonium sulfate solution was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The catalytic effects of NH4+ on the HER were markedly inhibited on aluminum, and the rate-determining step of the reaction was the formation and adsorption of hydrogen intermediates. The apparent activation energy of the HER on the aluminum and stainless steel cathodes were 78.2 and 52.8 kJ/mol, respectively. Hydrogen evolution in ammonium sulfate solution was weakened by addition of manganese (II) ions which could be adsorbed on the cathode surface and impede the HER. While nucleation of manganese on aluminum was hardly affected by the HER, the nuclei density and size of grains on stainless steel decreased as the HER progressed. The use of aluminum instead of stainless steel for manganese electrodeposition could improve the cathodic current efficiency from 83.36% to 85.78% after galvanostatic electrolysis for 2 h. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that alpha‑manganese is obtained on aluminum and stainless steel under the operating conditions used in the industrial process for manganese electrolysis.
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