HYDROGELS THE THREE DIMENSIONAL NETWORKS: A REVIEW

Trinadha Rao M,Prasad C H,Yamini M,Phanindra Chvs

doi:10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i1.40823

Trinadha Rao M, Prasad C H + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i1.40823

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Abstract

Hydrogel products constitute polymeric materials as a group, the hydrophilic structure which renders them the capability of holding large amounts of water in their 3-dimensional networks. Extensive employment of those products during a number of commercial and environmental areas of application is taken into account to be of prime importance. Needless to say, natural hydrogels were gradually replaced by synthetic types thanks to their higher water absorption capacity, long service life, and wide sorts of raw chemical resources. Literature on this subject was found to be expanding, especially within the scientific areas of research. However, variety of technical reports publications and handling hydrogel products from the points of view of engineering were examined to overview technological aspects covering this growing the field of research. the first objective of this text is to review the literature concerning classification of hydrogels on different bases, chemical characteristics and physical characteristics of those products, and technical feasibility of their best utilization. It also involved the technologies adopted for hydrogel production along-side process and design implications, optimized conditions, and the block diagrams of the preparation process. Recent forms of hydrogel material generations are also presented in some details that are innovative in nature.

Highlights

Hydrogels are defined as the 3-dimensional network of hydrophilic cross-linked polymer which don’t dissolve in water but can swell in water or can respond to the changes occurring the environmental stimuli; they can form polymeric networks; they are hydrophilic in nature because they can absorb a great amount of water
Conventional hydrogels are the cross-linked polymer chains which absorb water when put in an aqueous media and there's no change within the equilibrium swelling with the change within the pH, temperature or field of the encompassing environment while the stimuli-responsive hydrogels are the polymeric networks which change their equilibrium swelling with the change of the encompassing environment [23]
Hydrogel technical features the purposeful characteristics of an ideal hydrogel material are highest absorption capacity in saline, Preferred rate of absorption relying on the appliance necessity, topmost absorbency under load (AUL), lowermost soluble content and residual monomer, lowest price, utmost robustness and steadiness within the swelling environment as during the storage, highest biodegradability without formation of toxic species followed by degradation, pHneutrality after swelling in water

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Hydrogels are defined as the 3-dimensional network of hydrophilic cross-linked polymer which don’t dissolve in water but can swell in water or can respond to the changes occurring the environmental stimuli; they can form polymeric networks; they are hydrophilic in nature because they can absorb a great amount of water. Conventional hydrogels are the cross-linked polymer chains which absorb water when put in an aqueous media and there's no change within the equilibrium swelling with the change within the pH, temperature or field of the encompassing environment while the stimuli-responsive hydrogels are the polymeric networks which change their equilibrium swelling with the change of the encompassing environment [23]. The steadiness of the associations depends on such factors because the nature of the swelling agent, temperature, sort of dissolution medium, pH and ionic strength, network composition and structure, and length of the interacting polymer chains. Hydrogel technical features the purposeful characteristics of an ideal hydrogel material are highest absorption capacity in saline, Preferred rate of absorption (particle size and porosity) relying on the appliance necessity, topmost absorbency under load (AUL), lowermost soluble content and residual monomer, lowest price, utmost robustness and steadiness within the swelling environment as during the storage, highest biodegradability without formation of toxic species followed by degradation, pHneutrality after swelling in water. Hydrogel implantation is often used as an alternate approach for multiple dose conventional therapies [49]

CONCLUSION

Hydrogel