Abstract

This review discusses the recent advances and design principles for dynamic and cell-responsive hydrogels – biomaterials that respond to locally produced stimuli in and around cells or tissues without external influence.

Highlights

  • A cell, and its niche, represents an instructive symphony of complex interactions, feedback loops, and signals aimed at controlling cellular behavior and function in real time

  • A. van Blitterswijk the same university in 1982. He has received a number of prestigious international awards including the George Winter award of the European Society for Biomaterials (ESB), the Career Achievement

  • Researchers have developed understanding of the forces generated by cells in tissue remodeling and cellular functions ranging from cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis.[39,40,41,42]

Read more

Summary

Introduction

A cell, and its niche, represents an instructive symphony of complex interactions, feedback loops, and signals aimed at controlling cellular behavior and function in real time. With significant progress in the field of polymer chemistry, synthetic chemistry, and supramolecular chemistry, the capacity to design and tailor polymer architecture and hydrogel networks has advanced.[22,23,24] No longer confined to synthesizing covalent and static networks from conventional radical crosslinking methods, current reports of instructive, stimuli responsive, and biodegradable hydrogels bring closer the realization of complex and dynamic systems that mimic ECM functions. Aligned with these efforts, focus has been shifted to exploring different chemistries to form dynamic hydrogels.

Cell outputs
Enzymes
Mechanical force
Metabolites and small molecules
Chemistries developed
Enzyme catalyzed bond breakage
Dynamic covalent chemistry
Supramolecular
Proteolytically-degradable hydrogels
Enzyme responsive systems
Enzymatic assembly of nanostructures
Prospects
Mechanically responsive systems
Strain-stiffening
Viscoelasticity
Mechanically interlocked systems
Mechanochemical bond
Metabolite and small molecule responsive systems
Molecule specific
Gas sensitive
Findings
Outlook
Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call