Abstract
Current surgical treatments and material applications are not ideal for the treatment of orthopedic clinical injuries, such as large bone defects, cartilage defects, and vascular tendon adhesions that occur after repair. With the continuous development of tissue engineering technology, hydrogels have become important medical biomaterials. Hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic network structures composed of cross-linked polymer chains. They are a new kind of polymeric material for the treatment of orthopedic diseases. Hydrogels have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug-carrying capacity, and controllable drug release ability and are less toxic than nanoparticle carriers. They have been widely used in wound repair, guided tissue regeneration, bacteriostasis, hemostasis, postoperative adhesion prevention, drug delivery, and 3D printing. These characteristics can be used to develop a variety of treatments for different diseases. This paper focuses on the innovative progress of hydrogels in promoting and improving bone, cartilage, tendon, and soft tissue regeneration in orthopedic clinical applications. Current and prospective applications of hydrogels in the field of orthopedics are discussed herein.
Highlights
Bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle are often injured by a single injury or repeated overuse
An alternative treatment method is the use of allograft bone that is taken from one patient and transplanted into another
One of its major applications is cell and tissue engineering, where these materials are used as scaffolds for cell culture to support and regulate the biological behavior of cells to achieve the goal of creating artificial tissues/organs
Summary
Drug delivery system in which materials enclosing drug molecules control the release of therapeutic drugs to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. Natural polymer systems outperform traditional polymers in terms of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and cost-efficiency.[11] A hydrogel is a 3D network structure composed of hydrophilic polymer chains, with a water content of 90%–99% that contributes to the efficient exchange of oxygen and materials.[12] Hydrogels are a unique scaffold material that can absorb a large volume of water without decomposition. This allows cells to adhere and differentiate onto the hydrogels. We analyze the success of hydrogels as drug delivery carriers and discuss prospects
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