Hydroformylierung von Buta-1,3-dien und butadienhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffraktionen nach dem Zweiphasenverfahren

Abstract

Two-phase Hydroformylation of Buta-1,3-diene and Hydrocarbon Mixtures Containing Buta-1,3-diene The two-phase hydroformylation of buta-1,3-diene with (HRh(CO)[P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3]3 the Kuntz catalyst system with excess P(m-C6H4SO3Na)3) gives high yields of C5-monoaldehydes. Main product in this mixture is the reactive trans- and cis-pent-3-enal. In consecutive reactions the pent-3-enal is partially hydrogenated to n-pentanal, but also-favoured by the protolytic milieu of the two-phase reaction- aldol condensated to 2-propenylheptadienal. The hydrogenation product of the propenylheptadienal, 2-propylheptanol-1, is a good plasticizer alcohol with a wanted low vapour pressure. Especially promising is the two-phase hydroformylation of the unrefined C4-fraction of the naphtha pyrolysis: after a more than 95 per cent conversion of the buta-1,3-diene also more than 80 per cent of the n-but-1-ene in the C4-fraction is hydroformylated mainly to wanted n-pentanal. Less than 5–10% of the n-but-2-enes and the isobutene in the C4-fraction react under these conditions to oxo-products (2- and 3-methylbutanal). Acetylenic compounds in the C4-fraction are converted quantitatively into products.