Hydroethanolic Extract of Prunus domestica L.: Metabolite Profiling and In Vitro Modulation of Molecular Mechanisms Associated to Cardiometabolic Diseases.

Hammad Ullah,Paolo Magni,Marco Dacrema,Antonietta Rossi,Giacomo Di Matteo,Danilo D’Avino,Eduardo Sommella,Pietro Campiglia,Maria Daglia,Luisa Mannina,Alessandro Di Minno,Cristina Santarcangelo

doi:10.3390/nu14020340

Abstract

High consumption of fruit and vegetables has an inverse association with cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to chemically characterize the hydroethanolic extract of P. domestica subsp. syriaca fruit pulp and evaluate its inhibitory activity against metabolic enzymes and production of proinflammatory mediators. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS) analysis showed the presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and glycoside flavonols, while nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analysis showed, among saccharides, an abundant presence of glucose. P. domestica fruit extract inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and HMG CoA reductase enzyme activities, with IC50 values of 7.01 mg/mL, 6.4 mg/mL, 6.0 mg/mL, and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. P. domestica fruit extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitrite, interleukin-1 β and PGE2 in activated J774 macrophages. The findings of the present study indicate that P. domestica fruit extracts positively modulate in vitro a series of molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases. Further research is necessary to better characterize these properties and their potential application for human health.

Highlights

The metabolic syndrome (MS), [1,2,3], is a cluster of pathological conditions including visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and is associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk
P. domestica subsp. syriaca), which were separated into pulp and skin, were submitted to three different hydroethanolic extractions to evaluate the effects of ethanol percentage in the extraction solvent on the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity
The extraction yield calculated for the freeze-dried fruit pulp ranged from 59.5 to 67% and from 45 to 49%, for subsp. domestica and subsp

Summary

Introduction

X”, “Insulin resistance syndrome”, and “the deadly quartet”) [1,2,3], is a cluster of pathological conditions including visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and is associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Increasing age, sedentary lifestyle, female gender, lower socioeconomic class, positive family history, excessive alcohol intake, unhealthy dietary patterns, and intake of numerous medications are some of the risk factors associated with the prevalence of MS [10,11]. As maintaining a healthy lifestyle on a daily basis is challenging, specific pharmacological interventions

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