Abstract
AbstractThe effects of pressure and surfactants on the phase holdups and flow regime transition velocities of gas–liquid–solid fluidized beds were investigated. The effect of pressure on the bed phase holdups is significant and more pronounced at larger gas flow rates where pressure has a greater effect on the equilibrium bubble size. The addition of a surfactant leads to an increase in the gas holdup and a lowering of the solids and liquid holdups. The presence of a surfactant with a liquid flow results in shearing of the bubbles across the gas–liquid distributor, limiting the effect of pressure. Finally, for all conditions, gas holdups in the freeboard region were greater than in the bed.
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