Abstract
We discuss hydrodynamic forces acting on a two-dimensional liquid domain that moves laterally within a supported fluid membrane in the presence of odd viscosity. Since active rotating proteins can accumulate inside the domain, we focus on the difference in odd viscosity between the inside and outside of the domain. Taking into account the momentum leakage from a two-dimensional incompressible fluid to the underlying substrate, we analytically obtain the fluid flow induced by the lateral domain motion and calculate the drag and lift forces acting on the moving liquid domain. In contrast to the passive case without odd viscosity, the lateral lift arises in the active case only when the in and out odd viscosities are different. The in-out contrast in the odd viscosity leads to nonreciprocal hydrodynamic responses of an active liquid domain.
Highlights
Biological membranes play an important role in various life-sustaining processes such as the transportation of materials or the reaction between chemical species, which are essential for cellular metabolism and homeostasis [1]
Taking into account the momentum leakage from a two-dimensional incompressible fluid to the underlying substrate, we analytically obtain the fluid flow induced by the lateral domain motion and calculate the drag and lift forces acting on the moving liquid domain
In this paper we have investigated the hydrodynamic forces acting on a 2D liquid domain that moves laterally in a supported membrane characterized by an odd viscosity
Summary
Biological membranes play an important role in various life-sustaining processes such as the transportation of materials or the reaction between chemical species, which are essential for cellular metabolism and homeostasis [1]. Odd viscosity may exist in biological systems [17,35], hydrodynamic responses in heterogeneous active chiral fluids have not been discussed and the role of odd viscosity in biomembranes remains largely unexplored. In this paper we discuss the hydrodynamic forces acting on a circular liquid domain that moves laterally in a supported membrane in the presence of odd viscosity [22]. To investigate active heterogeneous structures relevant to lipid rafts in biomembranes, we consider a situation where the odd viscosity is different between the inside and outside of the liquid domain.
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