Abstract
This work experimentally investigated the performance of hydrodynamic forces on a semi-submerged cylinder under an oscillatory flow. To generate the equivalent oscillatory flow, the semi-submerged cylinder is forced to oscillate in several combinations of different periods and amplitudes. The mean downward lift force was observed to be significant and the fluctuating lift forces show dominant frequency is twice that of oscillatory flow and amplitude that is the same as the mean lift force. Based on this main hydrodynamic feature, a novel empirical prediction formula for the lift forces on semi-submerged cylinder under oscillatory flow is proposed where the lift forces expression is proportional to the square of oscillatory flow velocity. This novel empirical formula directly assigns the fluctuating lift force with frequency twice of oscillatory flow and the amplitude that is the same as the mean lift force. This assignment of empirical lift force formula reduces parameters required to determine a dynamic lift force but is demonstrated to well predict the fluctuating lift force. The lift coefficient can reach 1.5, which is larger than the typical value 1.2 of the drag coefficient for a fully submerged cylinder with infinite depth. Moreover, relationships among hydrodynamic coefficients, Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number, Stokes number and Froude number are studied. With the increase of KC number, the Froude number has a more significant influence on the distribution of hydrodynamic coefficients. As Froude number is increasing, the drag coefficient shows a nonlinear decay (KC < 20) but a linear increase (KC > 20), while the added mass coefficients show a nonlinear (KC < 20) and a linear (KC > 20) increase trend. The present work can provide useful references for design of the relevant marine structures and serve as the useful guideline for future research.
Highlights
Marine structures including oil containment booms, floating tunnel, pipelines and fish-farming float collars cannot avoid the effects of an oscillatory flow derived from the wave and relative structure motions
The current research of flow past a cylinder contains mainly three categories including cylinders submerged in infinite depth water, cylinders near the free surface and cylinders partially submerged under the water surface
According to the Morison equation [1,2], the hydrodynamic force in the IL direction can be decomposed into two components; that is, the drag force and the inertial force that are respectively proportional to the square of the velocity and the acceleration
Summary
Marine structures including oil containment booms, floating tunnel, pipelines and fish-farming float collars cannot avoid the effects of an oscillatory flow derived from the wave and relative structure motions. These marine structures can be viewed as a semi-submerged cylinder under oscillatory flow. The surface distortion and water fragmentation will result in a complicated response and hydrodynamic loads. This problem is still not fully understood and threatens the safety of the relevant marine structures. Justesen (1989) [5] and Sarpkaya (2006) [6]
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