Abstract
In this article, the authors demonstrate a spontaneous assembly of spinner vortices from an initially uniform suspension. The clustering is observed at weakly inertial regime due to hydrodynamic interactions between the spinning particles. The results highlight the importance of inertial interactions and the third dimension in a hydrodynamic assembly of spinner materials.
Highlights
Creating dynamic structures from motile units is ubiquitous in the natural world
We demonstrate that the observed emergent phase separation and the collective motion originate solely from the hydrodynamic interactions between the spinners, and they require a finite amount of inertia
The vortices span the periodic boundary along the vorticity direction, and the particles translate around the center of the cluster with a tangential velocity Vθ (r) [Fig. 3(a)]
Summary
A topical example, in a micrometer length scale, is provided by active materials [1] The motile units, such as bacteria [2] or phoretic Janus colloids [3], form ordered states. The formation of various dynamical states, such as flocking [11,16], complex motile structures [8,9], and vortical motion both with [11,17] and without confinement [10], has been observed by field-actuated particles
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