Abstract
This paper is concerned with liquid sloshing in a partially filled container due to 3‐dimensional vehicle motion. The liquid sloshing is described by a set of linear modal equations derived from the potential flow theory, which can be applied to liquid sloshing induced by arbitrary combination of lateral, longitudinal, and rotational excitations. The sloshing force and moment are expressed with a set of hydrodynamic coefficients that are determined by the linear velocity potential. These coefficients can be precalculated and incorporated into the motion equations of the vehicle system so that a fully coupled vehicle‐sloshing model is available. In addition, we propose an approach to calculate the hydrodynamic coefficients using the outputs of commercial frequency‐domain boundary element software in order to maximize the efficiency of modelling and computation. The accuracy of the proposed model is examined by comparison with available CFD and model test data in the literature. The case of a road tanker encountering a road bump during acceleration/braking is investigated. Results show that the tank rotational motion will affect the amplitude and the sloshing force, and neglecting tank rotation may lead to underestimation of the sloshing force magnitude.
Highlights
Liquid sloshing frequently takes place when vehicles carrying partially filled tanks are subject to acceleration and has attracted researchers’ interest in the fields of aerospace, marine, road, and rail engineering
Previous studies [5, 6] have shown that liquid sloshing is often an undesirable phenomenon which may increase the risk of rollover and reduce the manoeuvrability of the vehicle
Since simple analytical solution to these coefficients may not exist for random tank shapes other than simple geometries such as rectangular or vertically placed cylindrical tanks, it is highly desirable that a computationally efficient numerical approach still needs to be established for evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients
Summary
Liquid sloshing frequently takes place when vehicles carrying partially filled tanks are subject to acceleration and has attracted researchers’ interest in the fields of aerospace, marine, road, and rail engineering. Most of the current studies based on mechanical models focus only on sloshing excited by translational accelerations, while in reality vehicle rotation will take place when travelling on uneven road surface, such as a road bump. Since simple analytical solution to these coefficients may not exist for random tank shapes other than simple geometries such as rectangular or vertically placed cylindrical tanks, it is highly desirable that a computationally efficient numerical approach still needs to be established for evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients Both linear and nonlinear boundary element methods [8, 22] have been employed to evaluate the hydrodynamic coefficients by solving the velocity potential. The effect of vehicle pitch motion due to a road bump or a road pit on the liquid motion and sloshing force is examined
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