Abstract
Abstract Crude bio-oil produced from fast pyrolysis of woody biomass was subjected to catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction with various metal catalysts (Ni/C, Ni/SBA-15, Ni/Al-SBA-15, NiMn/SBA-15, Pt/C) using for continuous-flow reaction system at 300 °C under H2 pressure. Gas, immiscible liquid phases (light oil and heavy oil), and char was obtained as the primary products. Heavy oil yield was in the range 27.9–42.3 wt%, while char production was 2.3–11.0 wt%, both less than the corresponding figures for batch processing. Hydrodeoxygenation enhanced the fuel properties of bio-oil, yielding higher HHV (32.8–38.0 MJ/kg) than bio-oil (15.7 MJ/kg) and heavy oil produced in a batch type reactor (24.4–34.5 MJ/kg). Additionally, Miscibility of crude bio-oil and upgraded heavy oils with gasoline and diesel were also evaluated with three emulsifiers (Span60, Brij58, or IGEPAL CO-520). Crude bio-oil was hardly emulsified, whereas upgraded heavy oil was well emulsified with Span60. Increasing Span60 concentration also enhance the miscibility of heavy oil and diesel. An emulsion of heavy oil and diesel was stable for 6 months, suggesting that the heavy oil produced might have potential use in blends with diesel.
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