Abstract
The PTA-NiMo/ZSM-5 catalyst impregnated with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) was designed for the transformation of Jatropha oil into benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) aromatics. The produced catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). The catalytic performance was evaluated by gas chromatography (GC). The liquid products were 70 wt% of the feed oil, and the majority of the liquid products were BTX. The aromatization activity of the catalyst was improved by the addition of PTA and the hierarchical process. The favorable PTA amount was 20 wt% and the yield of BTX was 59 wt% at 380 °C, 3 MPa, H2/oil (v/v) = 1000 and LHSV = 1 h−1 over the PTA20-NiMo/HZ0.5 catalyst (PTA 20 wt%) without sulfurization.
Highlights
The hydrocracking of vegetable oils (Jatropha oil, palm oil, algae oil, etc.) for use as bio-fuels or bio-chemicals is a promising solution due to the problem of depleting petroleum reserves as well as environmental concerns[1,2,3]
The hierarchical ZSM-5 impregnated with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) or/and NiMo were developed for the production of aromatics and light oil from the hydrocracking of Jatropha oil without sulfidation
The results showed that the stability or catalytic activity of the prepared PTA20-NiMo/HZ0.5 catalyst were better than that of the HZ catalyst
Summary
The hydrocracking of vegetable oils (Jatropha oil, palm oil, algae oil, etc.) for use as bio-fuels or bio-chemicals is a promising solution due to the problem of depleting petroleum reserves as well as environmental concerns[1,2,3]. Especially monocyclic aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) have industrially important applications These compounds can be used as a lead substitute for the octane number boosting of transportation fuel, and the seal of the engine can be made to swell by aromatics to prevent gas or oil leakage[7,10]. It was reported that ZSM-5 zeolite was suitable as a catalyst for the production of aromatics from vegetable oils[7] Use of this catalyst for the processing of Jatropha oil resulted in an aromatic yield of 28 wt%8. The hydrocracking of Jatropha oil was performed by NiMo-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 to obtain the highest total aromatic yield, approximately 50 wt%, but the catalyst was presulfided[9]. The performance and the possible reaction pathway of the mechanism with the prepared catalysts were investigated
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