Abstract
The assessment of groundwater quality is essential for the conservation of natural resources. Hence, this study aims to assess the hydrochemistry of groundwater in and around the Nagalapura Taluk in Bellary district, Karnataka, India. The groundwater quality variables are mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For the hypothesis, the mean value of ten groundwater quality variables was obtained from 50 bore well samples (2016-2018). To assess the lead ions and type of water, the USSL, SAR, and Na% were measured. Ionic ratio and Gibbs graphs were used to demonstrate the chemical reactions in the water samples. ArcGIS was used for spatial analysis of the quality variables. The results showed the order of Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- with water types Na+-Cl- and Cl-, and the order of Na+ > Mg++ > Ca++ > K+ with Na+ and Mg++ as the dominant anion and cation, respectively. The hydrochemistry of groundwater is determined by the geological structure in 64 percent of the water samples examined. The Wilcox diagram shows that no-alkali exposure to the crops is expected. Forty one samples (82%) fit within the C3-S1 group; this category is fit for irrigational needs. Only 01 and 03 samples showed maximum SAR during two seasons like pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The maps showed that groundwater in the selected sites is usually of higher quality, whereas the presence of dolomite indicates a reduction in water quality.
Highlights
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth’s surface in rock and soil pore spaces and the fractures of rock formations (Freeze 1979)
Honarbakhsh et al (2019) used a GIS-based approach with the Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) to analyze groundwater quality in Marvdasht located in the semi-arid region of Iran
Nagaralapura district provided the best opportunity to collect the most relevant data across the study area. 50 bore wells were chosen from a GPS field survey of the study area, and water samples were collected from these 50 locations
Summary
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth’s surface in rock and soil pore spaces and the fractures of rock formations (Freeze 1979). Honarbakhsh et al (2019) used a GIS-based approach with the Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) to analyze groundwater quality in Marvdasht located in the semi-arid region of Iran. For this purpose, they used groundwater quality data that were collected in a five-year period (2010-2015). The groundwater quality index (GWQI) indicated that only 3% of the total area (10km2) was of low quality. Elubid et al (2019) reported the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters in some parts of Gedare State by using GIS and the total water quality index (TWQI). The groundwater quality is controlled by sodium and bicarbonate ions that defined the composition of the water type to be Na-HCO3
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