Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to identify the chemical characteristics of drinking groundwater and its distribution patterns in Pengyang County and to discover the hydrochemical evolution laws of groundwater. The temporal and spatial variation of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and evolution laws were comprehensively and systematically studied based on the understanding of the geological, hydrogeological, meteorological and hydrological conditions. Many analytical methods such as descriptive statistics, geostatistical analysis, ionic ratio coefficient method and correlation analysis were adopted based on the underground water quality analysis data. Study results showed that variation coefficients of chemical parameters of pore water in unconsolidated rocks were relatively high which indicated that water chemical compositions are vulnerable to topography, meteorology, hydrology and human activities. TDS variation was in accordance with the changes in Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42- concentration. Hydrochemical type varied from HCO3•SO4‐Na•Ca•Mg type and HCO3•SO4‐Ca•Mg type at the upper reaches towards gradually to HCO3‐Na type at the lower reaches. Ionic ratio coefficient analysis showed that the hydrodynamic conditions of the pore water in loose rocks were better than that of pore‐fissure water in clastic rocks and groundwater was non‐marine deposited water. Its formation effects include the weathering leaching effects of the formation containing rock salt, water‐rock interaction and cation exchange reaction. Hydrochemical characteristics were mainly controlled by geological and hydrogeological conditions. Correlation analysis showed that the dissolution of rock salt and sodium sulfate salt as well as calcite precipitation occurred in pore water and in pore‐crack water in clastic rocks the dissolution of albite, K‐feldspar and the precipitation of dolomite were also important effects.
Highlights
Pengyang County is situated in the southern mountain area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Hydrochemical types are mostly compound water of anions HCO3, SO42- with the cations Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+. pH values are higher than 7 which indicates that groundwater is alkaline and the variation coefficient of pH
Hydrochemical characteristics and the evolution of drinking groundwater in Pengyang County were studied with descriptive statistical analysis, ionic ratio analysis and correlation coefficient analysis and the spatial distribution of hydrochemistry parameters was studied with the statistical theory and method
Summary
Pengyang County is situated in the southern mountain area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Groundwater here is the main source of drinking water of local residents and the availability and quality of groundwater resources in the area have been closely related to the local economic development and people's living standards, which indicates the necessity for carrying out hydrochemical field and evolution laws research. Through chemical characteristics research and evolution research, the chemical characteristics and its distribution pattern of drinking groundwater can be identified, the mechanism of interaction between groundwater and the environment can be revealed through groundwater chemical evolution research, and all of these are of great theoretical significance and practical significance to promote the regional socioeconomic development, environmental protection and governance. In order to provide theoretical support for the rational exploitation of groundwater, descriptive statistical analysis, geostatistical method, correlation analysis, the ionic ratio coefficients method were synthetically used to do a comprehensive and systematic study on the temporal and spatial variability of the groundwater hydrochemistry and evolution laws and to reveal the major hydrochemical evolutionary processes of groundwater quality
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