Abstract
To determine the origin and the processes of groundwater mineralization in the Mbeubeuss lake area, the major ion concentrations of the groundwater were compared to those of the rainwaters which constitute the input function of the aquifer of the Quaternary sands in the area of lake Mbeubeuss. The physico-chemistry of groundwater near the public discharge and its surroundings, has shown that the true value of the electrical conductivity of waters are around 2000 µS/cm. Values of electrical conductivity greater than 2000 µS/cm would represent the particular mineralization of ground waters by the public discharge of lake Mbeubeuss. The chemical facies of ground waters are dominated by the sodium and potassium chloride and calcium chloride facies. The study of the relationship between the major chemical elements and the chloride ion and the representation in the modified Chadha diagram of the chemical analyzes of ground waters from the campaigns of July 1998, July 2002 and March 2003, made it possible to highlight the different sources and processes controlling the mineralization of ground waters in the Mbeubeuss Lake area. Despite the proximity to the sea which suggests a considerable contribution of salts by aerosols and sea spray, the mineralization of ground waters in the area of lake Mbeubeuss is largely due to leachate from household waste and the influence of old sediments of the dry lake Mbeubeuss. The main processes controlling the mineralization of ground waters are marine contributions (aerosols and sea spray), dissolution-precipitation of minerals from the aquifer matrix, atmospheric CO2 diffusion, base exchanges, dilution-concentration and anthropogenic pollution.
Highlights
In semi-arid to arid zones, the sustainability of groundwater resources generally depends on climatic and anthropogenic factors
In order to discuss the origin and mineralization processes of the Quaternary sand aquifer waters in the Lake Mbeubeuss area, we studied the relationships between the major chemical elements and the chloride ion
The physico-chemical study of groundwater in the environment of Lake Mbeubeuss, along the North Atlantic coast of Senegal reveals that an aquifer whose waters have an acidic to neutral pH and water temperature values close to those of the ambient temperature because of the configuration of the aquifer making it vulnerable to surface pollution
Summary
In semi-arid to arid zones, the sustainability of groundwater resources generally depends on climatic and anthropogenic factors. Population growth and the effects of climate change have greatly increased the pressure on water resources [1,2]. The deterioration of the quality of water resources by the proliferation of different sources of pollution (fertilizers and pesticides, discharge of untreated wastewater, discharge of uncontrolled solid waste, mining, urbanization, etc.) constitutes a threat important than that linked to the quantitative imbalance. This situation has required new approaches to water scheduling and management [4]
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