Abstract
In this investigation the US Bureau of Mines — API method for the separation of heavy petroleum hydrocarbons into structural types — saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics and polyaromatic-polar material — has been modified. The time of analysis is reduced drastically by applying pressure on the column and eliminating a time-consuming pretreatment of the samples with ion-exchange resins to remove the acidic and basic components of the oil. The polyaromatic-polar material, forming a substantial amount of the high-molecular-weight fractions of heavy oils, has been further separated into three concentrates of different composition, by using an additional two eluents. This step allows better characterization of the high-molecular-weight components of heavy oils and bitumens. The sample size, column volume and the weight of the adsorbing gels have also been scaled down first by a factor of 10 — for quantitative preparation of hydrocarbon classes in research laboratories for further analysis by Chromatographic or spectroscopic methods — and then 100 for chemical characterization of drill core extracts.
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