Abstract
Pyrolysis oils with different effective hydrogen (H/Ceff) ratios are mixed with tetralin at a mass ratio of 1:1 and treated at 400 °C for 2 h under 6 MPa H2 over Pt/C and Ru/C, respectively, to examine the effect of H/Ceff ratio on the yield and quality of the upgraded oil. Pyrolysis oil with higher H/Ceff ratios results in an upgraded oil with higher yield and H/Ceff ratios. The highest S and O reduction ratios of 96.11% and 56.26% are achieved with added Pt/C at an H/Ceff ratio of 1.39 of the feedstock. In comparison, the highest N reduction ratios of 34.50% is achieved with added Ru/C at an H/Ceff ratio of 1.38 of the feedstock. The N and S poison the catalyst's active sites and reduce the deoxygenation efficiency. Thus, we view that the H/Ceff plays a vital role in improving the properties of the bio-oil.
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