Abstract
In the present study, the geochemical characteristics of groundwater and drinking water quality has been studied. 24 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total hardness. The results were evaluated and compared with WHO and BIS water quality standards. The studied results reveal that the groundwater is fresh to brackish and moderately high to hard in nature. Na and Cl are dominant ions among cations and anions. Chloride, calcium and magnesium ions are within the allowable limit except few samples. According to Gibbs diagram, the predominant samples fall in the rock–water interaction dominance and evaporation dominance field. The piper trilinear diagram shows that groundwater samples are Na–Cl and mixed CaMgCl type. Based on the WQI results majority of the samples are falling under excellent to good category and suitable for drinking water purposes.
Highlights
Ground water contamination in urban environment is a major issue and is complicated by large number of potential source of contamination (Jayaprakash et al 2008)
According to Gibbs diagram, the predominant samples fall in the rock–water interaction dominance and evaporation dominance field
The concentration of potassium ion is within the permissible limit for drinking purpose except few locations. 20 % of the groundwater samples have exceeded the permissible limit of sodium
Summary
Ground water contamination in urban environment is a major issue and is complicated by large number of potential source of contamination (Jayaprakash et al 2008). The chemistry of groundwater is an important factor determining its use for domestic, irrigation and industrial purposes. Utilization of land varies from place to place due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, without following the strict environmental norms, causing a lot of variation of quality of groundwater within a short distance, which constrains the developmental activities drastically everywhere (Subba Rao 1997, 2006). Once contamination of groundwater in aquifers occurs by means of industrial activities and urban development, it persists for hundreds of years because of very slow movement of water in them (Jerry 1986) and prompts investigations on their quality. The knowledge of hydrochemistry is important to assess the ground water quality in any area in which the ground water is used for both irrigation and drinking needs (Srinivas et al 2013).
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