Abstract
The study area in Gulbarga District, Karnataka State, India, is selected to discuss the surface water quality of Bhima River on irrigation and human health, where the agriculture is the main livelihood of rural people and the surface water is the main source for irrigation and drinking. Surface water collected during pre-monsoon for two months from three sampling points in the area were analyzed for pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, DO, BOD, Alkalinity, Sodium, Potassium and Fluoride. The chemical relationships in Piper’s diagram and Gibb’s diagram suggest that the surface water mainly belong to carbonate hardness (secondary alkalinity) and non-carbonate hardness (primary salinity) and are controlled by Rock dominance, respectively, due to the influence of semi-arid, gentle slope, greater water-rock interaction and anthropogenic activities. US salinity Laboratory and % Na + used for evaluating the water quality for irrigation suggest that the majority of the sampling points of surface water are moderate for irrigation in pre-monsoon. These conditions are caused due to leaching of salts from the overlying materials by infiltration recharge waters. A management plan is a must for sustainable development of the area.
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