Abstract
Cationic surface sites have been identified on both production and vacuum heat treated carbon blacks, after oxidation in the presence of acid. Reduction of the electron deficient (oxidized) carbon surface by hydride-transfer mechanisms is described. Acid chemisorption in an oxygen atmosphere has been quantitatively related to the reduction of oxidized surface sites by hydride ion donation in concentrated formic acid. The anion exchange properties of oxidized carbons are discussed in terms of displacement reactions in water and aqueous base. The apparent stability of charged surface structures is attributed to aromatic resonance in the graphitic layer planes of microcrystalline carbons.
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