Abstract
Hydrazide–hydrazone derivatives are present in many bioactive molecules and display a wide variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and antiprotozoal action. Therefore, many medicinal chemists synthesize various hydrazide–hydrazones and evaluate them for biological activities. Among biological properties of this class of compounds, antimicrobial activity is the most frequently encountered in scientific literature. This paper is focused on the overview of the literature findings of the last six years (2010–2016) covering the research on antimicrobial activity of hydrazide–hydrazone derivatives. This review may also serve as a useful guide for the development of new hydrazide–hydrazones as potential antimicrobial agents.
Highlights
Hydrazide–hydrazones constitute a class of organic compounds, which attracts the attention of medicinal chemists due to the fact that they contain azomethine group (–NH–N=CH–) connected with carbonyl group, which is responsible for their different pharmaceutical applications and makes possible the synthesis of different heterocyclic scaffolds (Rollas and Küçükgüzel 2007), like 1,3, Med Chem Res (2017) 26:287–301
The obtained compounds were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains (Gram negative bacteria: S. thypimurium, E. coli, Vibrio cholerae, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumonia, and Gram-positive bacteria: B. subtilis and S. aureus)
Among a series of synthesized derivatives, two compounds (38 and 39) possessed interesting antibacterial activity measured by the diameter of the zone of the inhibition growth against two Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and two Gram-positive (S. aureus and S. pyogenes) bacterial strains (Fig. 15)
Summary
Hydrazide–hydrazones constitute a class of organic compounds, which attracts the attention of medicinal chemists due to the fact that they contain azomethine group (–NH–N=CH–) connected with carbonyl group, which is responsible for their different pharmaceutical applications and makes possible the synthesis of different heterocyclic scaffolds (Rollas and Küçükgüzel 2007), like 1,3, Med Chem Res (2017) 26:287–301. The tested compounds (8, 9 and 10) showed moderate to mild antibacterial activity on the basis of the measurement of the zone of the inhibition growth (ZOI = 10–21 mm) against two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtillis and S. aureus) and two Gram-negative (E. coli and Salmonella typhi) bacterial strains, when compared to ampicillin sodium used as a control (ZOI = 20–24 mm) (Fig. 4). Two derivatives of 1,2-dihydropyrimidine (21, 22) synthesized by Al-Sharifi and Patel (2012) showed significant antibacterial activity against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria, including B. subtilis, S. aureus and, Micrococcus luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria, like E. coli and Pseudomonas picketti (Fig. 8) MIC values against these bacterial. The obtained compounds were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against eight bacterial strains (Gram negative bacteria: S. thypimurium, E. coli, Vibrio cholerae, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumonia, and Gram-positive bacteria: B. subtilis and S. aureus). Gram-negative bacteria S. typhimurium E. coli V. cholerae S. typhi P. aeruginosa
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