Abstract
The article relates to the field of hydraulics and engineering hydrology and is devoted to a study of fluid flow in a non-flooded Venturi channel. The purpose of the work is improvement of methods for calculating profiles and hydraulic characteristics of a Venturi flumes used for measurement of water flow rates in open channels and rivers. Research methods are analytical with experimental verification. A functional relationship is obtained between the Froude number in an arbitrary section of the Venturi channel and its width normalized by the width of the critical section. It is established that within a rectilinear gorge portion of a Venturi channel, the flow is unstable, which is related to the proximity of its parameters to the critical ones. The method of optimization of a profile of a Venturi channel with a dividing cross-section in a gorge that does not contain empirical coefficients is considered. It is shown that the proposed method allows determining all main geometric parameters and hydraulic characteristics of the Venturi flume, including its flow rate coefficient, distribution of depths and flow velocities along the length of a flume with a relative error of ±1%.
Highlights
The priority of using water resources for domestic water supply declared in the Water Code of the Russian Federation and the attitude to water as a strategic resource of the country allow us to claim that control to the water consumption from natural sources and sewage return to the environment is the most important State task
These documents determine that all enterprises in Russia, without exception, must be equipped with measuring stations to determine the volume of clean water consumption and wastewater discharge
A functional relationship is established between the Froude number for the flow in an arbitrary cross-section of the Venturi channel and its width, which is determined by the analytical formula (11)
Summary
The priority of using water resources for domestic water supply declared in the Water Code of the Russian Federation and the attitude to water as a strategic resource of the country allow us to claim that control to the water consumption from natural sources and sewage return to the environment is the most important State task. Requirements for accounting for water use are approved by Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation of 12.02.1999 No 167, of 10.04.2007 No 219 and of 29.07.2013 No 644 and by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation of 08.07.2009 No 205 These documents determine that all enterprises in Russia, without exception, must be equipped with measuring stations to determine the volume of clean water consumption and wastewater discharge. Gauging Procedure with the Use of Standard Weirs and Flumes” These documents recognize the Venturi channels [1,2,3] as effective means of determining of open flow rates in natural watercourses, channels for land reclamation, household water supply and sewerage. A useful quality of the Venturi channels is the ability of passing significantly polluted flows containing suspended solids, sand, branches, logs and other garbage
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