Abstract
ABSTRACT The operation of drip lateral lines is affected by the topography of the irrigated area and represent, depending on the type of water applied, changes in the discharge characteristics of the emitters. The research had as objective to evaluate the hydraulic performance of built-in labyrinth drippers, non-pressure compensating, with different waters and slopes of the lateral lines. The experiment was carried out on a test bench and consisted of a randomized block design with split-plots: first factor with four types of water, representing the plots: clean water, water with fertilizers, cassava starch wastewater and poultry slaughterhouse wastewater; second factor with slopes of the lateral line, constituting the sub-plots: upslope, level and downslope. The experimental statistics consisted of analysis of variance with subsequent simple-effect analysis and Tukey test at 0.05 probability level to compare the means of dripper flow rates. Quality control statistics was performed using Shewhart’s control charts with interpretations based on upper and lower control limits, as well as non-random pattern recognition. Waters of inferior quality modified the flow rates of the tested drippers regardless of the variation of internal pressure caused by the slope of the lateral line. Water with fertilizer (300 mg L-1) obtained the best conditions of temporal irrigation quality verified by the control charts. Irrigation with poultry slaughterhouse wastewater obtained the same flow rates in all slopes. Cassava starch wastewater caused the lowest flow rates among all the waters.
Highlights
The increasing use of water for food production, coupled to the water needs of urban centers and strict environmental requirements, indicates an obligatoriness of improving the efficiency of irrigation systems (Christofidis, 2013).One of the alternatives for such increase in the efficiency of irrigated agriculture is often the reuse in irrigation of waters with lower-quality physico-chemical characteristics, such as wastewaters (Alobaidy et al, 2010).the utilization of wastewaters, waters with fertilizers, or waters which undergo variations in their quality outside the acceptable limits, interferes with the hydraulic conditions of the emitters
The present study aimed to evaluate the use of clean water, water with fertilizer, cassava starch wastewater and poultry slaughterhouse wastewater in drip irrigation systems with upslope, level and downslope lateral lines, and indicate the configurations in the field leading to better quality of water distribution and shorter periods of maintenance
The experiment was set up in randomized blocks with plots split into two factors, the main factor was the type of water, represented by the four plots: clean water, water with nitrogen fertilizer at concentration of 300 mg L-1 of N, cassava starch wastewater and poultry slaughterhouse wastewater
Summary
The increasing use of water for food production, coupled to the water needs of urban centers and strict environmental requirements, indicates an obligatoriness of improving the efficiency of irrigation systems (Christofidis, 2013).One of the alternatives for such increase in the efficiency of irrigated agriculture is often the reuse in irrigation of waters with lower-quality physico-chemical characteristics, such as wastewaters (Alobaidy et al, 2010).the utilization of wastewaters, waters with fertilizers, or waters which undergo variations in their quality outside the acceptable limits, interferes with the hydraulic conditions of the emitters. The increasing use of water for food production, coupled to the water needs of urban centers and strict environmental requirements, indicates an obligatoriness of improving the efficiency of irrigation systems (Christofidis, 2013). One of the alternatives for such increase in the efficiency of irrigated agriculture is often the reuse in irrigation of waters with lower-quality physico-chemical characteristics, such as wastewaters (Alobaidy et al, 2010). One of the variations can be observed in undulating areas where there is variability in the internal pressure of the lateral line, which changes the flow rate (Marcuzzo & Wendland, 2011). Downslope lateral lines can obtain greater lengths due to the higher inlet pressure, according to an analytical method of dimensioning developed by Khemaies et al (2013) for localized irrigation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
