Abstract
Road drainage systems are often-constructed utilised design approaches not incorporating process-based depictions of possible hydrological responses, resulting in insufficient systems due to infrastructural development and climate change and ultimately, increased hydrological reaction. This study assessed possible effects of precipitation intensity variation following future severe rainfall events on the current road drainage system as whether pre-climatic stormwater drainage system could withstand potentially higher discharges and the need for modified design guidelines incorporating possible precipitation intensity variations due to climate change. A case study was undertaken utilising rainfall data to develop an intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve representing precipitation volume variations due to climate change. The peak discharge and water level were simulated using hydraulic software program SWMM 5.1 for the existing open drainage system, wherein three future potential climate scenarios, namely 2030, 2040, and 2050 were simulated based on the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The simulation results showed a tremendous future precipitation increment for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, yielding the following values, respectively: 28.8%, 43.7% and 34.6% and 65%, 61.5% and 75.5%. Therefore, the study findings and approach implemented should be considered when detailing assessments and preserving areas are at risk of high water flows. The study concludes that the existing road drainage system's inadequacy to manage copious rainfall amounts anticipated due to climate change. Therefore, the study contributes to suggest the need for developing drainage system magnitude using higher return periods to mitigate flood levels on urban road networks.
Highlights
Climate change outcomes are not just changes in average temperature; one may describe it in its role towards changes in natural phenomena such as extreme weather, wind, snow, floods, and rising sea levels that can directly impact human life [1]
Malaysia commonly practises the designing of road stormwater drainage system based on the local standards for a 10-year return period storm
It was observed that a reduction in the design return period from 100 to 10 years would reduce the drainage capacity by 28.1%
Summary
Climate change outcomes are not just changes in average temperature; one may describe it in its role towards changes in natural phenomena such as extreme weather, wind, snow, floods, and rising sea levels that can directly impact human life [1]. As such events are capable of causing substantial losses and damage to the citizen properties, each nation has to plan for its customised country-level adaptation. This begs the question: are new guidelines required to add potential changes in the calculated precipitation intensity result following climate change?
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