Abstract
During hydraulic fracturing, expansion of internal micro-fractures deforms the rock to different extents. Numerical studies typically assume fixed parameters; however, in the field site, parameters are likely to vary. Error accumulation underlies deviation of simulation results from actual data. In this study, it was found that the mean velocity of an in-lab active source obtained from the hydraulic fracturing experiment decreased. To explain the effect of physical parameter (velocity) on numerical simulation results, we performed numerical simulations based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) of indoor hydraulic fracturing considering the velocity variation. The simulation results considering the change of the physical parameter (velocity) of the rock sample reflect the rock damage evolution more exactly. Consequently, the real-time evolution of physical parameters during hydraulic fracturing should be considered in numerical simulations. Rock damage evolution can be better captured using the offered modification of physical parameters. The present work provides theoretical guidance for hydraulic fracturing simulations to some extent.
Highlights
Based on the change of physical parameter during the experiment, we provided the simulations based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) to illustrate the effect of real-time evolution of a physical parameter on numerical simulation results
It could be clearly found that when we considered real-time evolution of velocity change (−13%), the time 290 s was closer to 300 s than 274 s with constant physical parameter (0% velocity variation), which means that when we considered realtime evolution of velocity change during the simulation, the numerical simulation results could reflect the rock damage evolution more exactly
Based on the hydraulic fracturing experiment in the laboratory, we recorded the realtime effects of the hydraulic fracturing process on the velocity, and this study simulated the process of rock damage evolution
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Performed a hydraulic fracturing experiment based on Longmaxi shale, which is the main formation of shale gas production in China Those authors simulated the fluid injection and rock damage processes and studied the sensitivity of seismic velocity and the variation of attenuation, and the results from microseismic monitoring at the field site were changed in real-time. Zhang et al [19] constructed a real-time velocity model of the fracturing process, by fracture compliances, to approximate the influence of fractures and pore pressure on the rock elastic parameters They showed that the results deviated from the actual source data, and the deviation increased as the ray trace propagated in the fracturing domain when the velocity variation was overlooked. Based on the change of physical parameter during the experiment, we provided the simulations based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) to illustrate the effect of real-time evolution of a physical parameter (velocity) on numerical simulation results
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