Abstract
Unconventional oil and gas extraction using hydraulic fracturing has disrupted traditional energy technologies. Shale formations are a vast global resource facilitating a worldwide transition to gas-centric economies. While hydrocarbon reserves in shale formations exist globally, most of the production of gas from shale currently occurs in North America. With over 50,000 new unconventional oil and gas wells being drilled annually since 2000 in central North America alone, and a likely production growth of 60% in the U.S. It is no surprise that unconventional gas drilling has received much attention in recent years. However, its potential impact on natural resources, particularly water quality and quantity, has also garnered much attention in the media and more recently in the scientific literature. Adding fuel to this controversy is a the recent draft EPA report press release with its headline: Assessment shows hydraulic fracturing activities have not led to widespread, systemic impacts to drinking water resources and identifies important vulnerabilities to drinking water resources.
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