Abstract
Spatial variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) are a primary control on contaminant movement in groundwater, but characterization of these variations has proven difficult. Over the last two decades, significant progress has been made in utilizing Direct Push (DP) technology to characterize K variations in unconsolidated settings. Profiling methods have been developed based on empirical correlations between K and more readily evaluated formation properties and on the formation response to water injection or extraction. The latter (hydraulic) methods appear to have the most potential. Initial work on these methods involved adaptation of conventional well tests, but recent efforts have better exploited DP capabilities. The High-Resolution K and continuous Direct Push Injection Logger (DPIL) methods are the most promising approaches. Both provide high-resolution (0.015 m) K profiles, although the DPIL profile is only qualitative in nature. Currently, the K range of both is approximately 0.001 to 60 m/d, but that range should increase in the near future.
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