Abstract
This study had the objective to evaluate the effect of irrigation and fertigation (NK) in the hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity of an Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane. The experimental design comprised randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of water replacement (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0%), with and without fertirrigation (NK). The planting of sugarcane, cultivar RB85-5453, was performed in a double row (W-shaped), 8 m long, with 1.80 m spacing between the double rows, the distance between the crops in the double row was 0.40 m, with a total area of 52,8 m2 in each paddock. For treatments with water, replacement (WR) a drip tube was placed in the ground at a depth of 0.20 m among the furrows of the double row. The drip tube (DRIPNET PC 16150) comprised a thin wall, 1.0 bar pressure, nominal discharge 1.0 L h-1, and 0.50 m spacing between drippers. Nitrogen was applied by fertirrigation at a dose of 100 Kg ha-1, at 30-day intervals, with 10 applications throughout the development of the sugarcane culture. Potassium fertilization was done partially, in 30% of the furrows, and the remaining part was treated with the irrigation water. Nitrogen and potassium were spread only in the treatment with 0% water replacement. Was evaluated hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity versus logarithmic pressure head, at a depth of 10 cm, using RETC software. The hydraulic diffusivity for water replacement of 25 and 50% with fertigation was 160.3 and 14.9 cm2 days-1 for the lower values of the logarithm of the pressure head.
Highlights
The hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil indicates the ability of a soil to transmit water in the unsaturated soil, this conductivity varies with the amount of water present in its empty pores, that is, with its degree of saturation, the hydraulic conductivity is extreme importance to the agricultural use (Gonçalves; Libardi, 2013; Sobrinho et al, 2018)
The hydraulic diffusivity (HD) minimum it was verified in the logarithmic pressure head (LPH) of 4.01, 3.87, 3.95, 3.69 and 4.01 cm in the water replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% with fertirrigation and in the LPH of 3.84, 4.05, 3.69, 3.88 and 3.95 cm in the water replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, without fertirrigation, respectively (Figure 1)
The HD maximum presented a reduction in 50%, in the logarithmic pressure head of -2.5, -2.17, -2.6, -2.28 and -2.7 cm in the water replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% with fertirrigation and in the LPH of -2.12, -2.2, -2.2, -2.6 and -2.15 cm in the water replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% without fertirrigation, respectively
Summary
The hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil indicates the ability of a soil to transmit water in the unsaturated soil, this conductivity varies with the amount of water present in its empty pores, that is, with its degree of saturation, the hydraulic conductivity is extreme importance to the agricultural use (Gonçalves; Libardi, 2013; Sobrinho et al, 2018). A detailed understanding of Ks is critical in the assessment of irrigation practices, infiltration rates, runoff, groundwater recharge rates, and drainage processes, sugarcane is expected to be an important factor that influences the hydraulic properties of soil by affecting its physical and chemical characteristics (Aimrun et al, 2004; Cookson et al, 2007; Breulmann et al, 2012, Hao et al, 2019). Different hydrological transport models have used hydraulic conductivity at saturation as a constant for chemical leaching risk assessment, water infiltration characterization, and surface runoff modeling, has been used frequently to predict unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Doussan; Ruy, 2009; Neyshabouri et al, 2013; Masís-Meléndez et al, 2014; Rahmati, 2017; Rahmati et al, 2019). This study had the objective to evaluate the effect of irrigation and fertigation (NK) in the hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity of an Oxisol cultivated with sugarcane
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