Abstract
This paper presents research considering hydraulic as well as swelling and shrinkage characteristics of potential recycled fine particle materials for compacted clay liner for sustainable landfills. Five locally available clay soils mixed with 10% (by mass) of NaP1 recycled zeolite were tested. The performed analysis was based on determined plasticity, cation exchange capacity, coefficient of saturated hydraulic conductivity after compaction, several shrinkage and swelling characteristics as well as, finally, saturated hydraulic conductivity after three cycles of drying and rewetting of tested specimens and the reference samples. The obtained results showed that addition of zeolite to clay soils allowed reduction in their saturated hydraulic conductivity to meet the required threshold (≤1 × 10−9 m/s) of sealing capabilities for compacted clay liner. On the other hand, an increase in plasticity, swelling, and in several cases in shrinkage, of the clay–zeolite mixture was observed. Finally, none of the tested mixtures was able to sustain its sealing capabilities after three cycles of drying and rewetting. Thus, the studied clayey soils mixed with sustainable recycled zeolite were assessed as promising materials for compacted liner construction. However, the liner should be operated carefully to avoid extensive dissication and cracking.
Highlights
Sustainable landfilling of residual waste is the final step of the waste management disposal chain (e.g., [1,2,3]).Allen [4] defined sustainable landfilling as a concept of the safe disposal and subsequent degradation of waste within a landfill, with limited pressure on the environment and by the most financially efficient method
This paper presents a study concerning the influence of NaP1 zeolite admixture on hydraulic as well as swelling and shrinkage characteristics of five clay soils locally available in the Eastern part of Poland, possible materials allowing construction of compacted clay liners for sustainable landfilling
The presented studies concerning hydraulic and swell–shrink properties of locally available clayey soils, possible to use as the compacted clay liners, mixed with NaP1 zeolite were conducted for specimens sampled in Gawlowka (G), Jelen (J), Lazek (L), Pawlow (P), and Zgorznica (Z), all located in Lublin Upland, the south-eastern part of Poland
Summary
Allen [4] defined sustainable landfilling as a concept of the safe disposal and subsequent degradation of waste within a landfill, with limited pressure on the environment and by the most financially efficient method. The sustainable landfill should pose zero (or minimal) risk to the natural environment during its operation and long after the closure of the landfill by preventing the pollutants being transported outside by applying the concept of landfill isolation. Are commonly used in developed countries for top and bottom isolation liners, preventing water infiltration and leachate percolation through the top and bottom of the landfill. The application of sophisticated sealing materials is often limited in developing countries of low- and medium-income [1,3,6,7,8,9]. The statutory requirements determining saturated hydraulic conductivity of mineral sealing of municipal waste landfill are similar in numerous countries, e.g., in the EU, Poland, Germany, and the USA the require that
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