Hydration-Dependent Structural Deformation of Guanine in the Electronic Singlet Excited State

Abstract

Theoretical study was performed to investigate how the degree of hydration affects the structures and properties of the canonical form (keto-N9H) of guanine in the ground and lowest singlet pipi* excited state. This work is the continuation of our earlier work where we have studied the hydration of guanine in the first solvation shell with one, three, five, and six water molecules. In the present investigation, we have considered 7-13 water molecules in hydrating guanine. Ground-state geometries were optimized at the Hartree-Fock level, whereas the configuration interaction-singles (CIS) method was used for the excited-state geometry optimization. The 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used in all calculations. The harmonic vibrational frequency analysis was used to determine the nature of the optimized ground- and excited-state potential energy surfaces; all geometries were found to be minima at the respective potential surfaces. It was found that the degree of hydration has a significant influence on the excited-state structural nonplanarity of guanine. It is expected that excited-state dynamics of guanine will depend on the degree of hydration. Ground- and excited-state geometries of selected hydrated species were also optimized in the bulk water solution using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). It was found that bulk water solution generally does not have significant influence on the structure of the hydrated species. Effects of hydration on different stretching vibrations in the ground and excited states are also discussed.