Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the effect of ultrafine granulated copper slag (UGCS) on hydration development of blended cement and mechanical properties of mortars. The UGCS with the median particle size of 4.78 μm and BET surface area of 1.31 m2/g was used as a cement replacement to prepare blended cements. Hydration heat emission of blended cement and mechanical performance of mortars were investigated by using isothermal calorimetry and strength tests, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to the analysis of pozzolanic reaction and hydration products. The results illustrate that UGCS has influence on the hydration heat evolution of blended cement due to its filler effect and pozzolanic reaction. The cumulative hydration heat of blended cement is reduced by partial cement replacement with UGCS. The test mortar prepared by using blended cements with 30 wt. % UGCS shows a retardation of strength development with a low value at early ages (7 days) and a rapid growth at later ages (28 days). The 90-day compressive strength of test mortar is 45.0 MPa close to that of the control mortar (49.5 MPa). The obtained results from XRD and TGA analysis exhibit an increase in calcium hydroxide (CH) consumption and calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H) formation in blended cement pastes with curing time. The cement replacement with UGCS induces changes in microstructure of blended cement paste and chemical composition of hydration products.
Highlights
The utilization of industrial by-products as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement and concrete has attracted considerable attention for the technological, economic, and environmental benefits [1,2,3,4]
The main oxides of ultrafine granulated copper slag (UGCS) are SiO2, ferrous oxide (FeO), and Fe2O3 accounting for 77% of the total mass, while Al2O3 and CaO are present in minor amounts
X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA)/ thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to the analysis of pozzolanic reaction and hydration products
Summary
The utilization of industrial by-products as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement and concrete has attracted considerable attention for the technological, economic, and environmental benefits [1,2,3,4]. Copper slag is a by-product generated from the process of copper manufacturing [5]. Granulated copper slag (GCS) is an amorphous material due to rapid water cooling, in which the glassy phase consists mainly of ferrous oxide (FeO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and minor amount of other compounds [6]. Blended cement with ultrafine granulated copper slag
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