Abstract
Background Eucalypt canker disease (Chrysoporthe cubensis) was the main driver of the concept of eucalypt clonal forestry in Brazil. Initially clonal forestry was based on outstanding spontaneous hybrids resistant to canker disease. Since the recognition that cloning superior inter-specific hybrids could be an important general strategy, several crosses were made for many different purposes, especially pulp & paper, charcoal and more recently veneer and solid wood. This strategy has been responsible for a significant advance in the forest productivity of Eucalyptus. The underlying foundation for this strategy has been the exploitation of heterosis observed in most inter-specific crosses. Due to its importance, hybridization and cloning currently constitute a key component of almost all forest-based industrial plantations in Brazil. Significant progress has taken place in the last few years with the different techniques used to carry out controlled crosses and cloning.
Highlights
Eucalypt canker disease (Chrysoporthe cubensis) was the main driver of the concept of eucalypt clonal forestry in Brazil
Controlled crosses The fact that Eucalyptus flowers are hermaphrodite and protandreous makes the traditional method of controlled crosses difficult to perform. This method is based on the exploitation of protandry, which involves emasculation and isolation, prior to pollination. It needs several visits resulting in a technique of low operational yield
Later it was found that this receptiveness could be achieved just before anthesis [5]. Combining these two discoveries a new technique was developed [2], called AIP (Artificially Induced Protogyny). This technique consists of the artificial “transformation” of protandry into protogyny, obtained by cutting the top of the floral bud operculum together with the upper third of the stile
Summary
Eucalypt canker disease (Chrysoporthe cubensis) was the main driver of the concept of eucalypt clonal forestry in Brazil. It needs several visits resulting in a technique of low operational yield. After discovering that different treatments in stile and stigma during anthesis could immediately induce flower receptivity [3], it was developed the OSP Combining these two discoveries a new technique was developed [2], called AIP (Artificially Induced Protogyny).
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