Abstract
The complexity of power system networks is increasing continuously due to the addition of high capacity transmission lines. Faults on these lines may deteriorate the power flow pattern in the network. This can be avoided by the use of effective protection schemes. This paper presents an algorithm for detecting and classifying faults on the transmission network. Fault detection is achieved by utilizing the fault index, which depends on a combination of characteristics extracted from the current signal by the application of the Stockwell transform and Wigner distribution function (WDF). Various faults are categorized using the quantity of phases with a faulty nature. The fault events like phase to-ground (L-G), two phases (LL), two phases to-ground (LL-G), and three phases to-ground (LLL-G) are investigated in this study. The performance of the algorithm designed for the protection scheme is tested for the variations in the impedance during the fault event, variations in the angle of the fault incidence, different fault locations, the condition of the power flow in the reverse direction, the availability of noise, and the fault on the hybrid line consisting of two sections of underground cable and the overhead line. The algorithm is also analyzed for discriminating switching incidents from fault cases. A comparative study is used to establish the superiority of the proposed technique as compared to the Wavelet transform (WT) based protection scheme. The performance of the protection technique is established in MATLAB/Simulink software using a test network of the transmission line with two terminals.
Highlights
An important and critical element of the power network is the transmission line
A protection algorithm supported by the S-transform and the Wigner distribution function (WDF) is introduced in this manuscript for the identification and classification of transmission line faults
S-transform having the minimum influence of noise and the WDF analyzing the data over a specified window width are combined in this approach
Summary
An important and critical element of the power network is the transmission line. It transfers power in a bulk quantity from generation plants to grid substations (GSS), which are located near the load centers. An algorithm depending on hybrid features evaluated using the Wigner distribution function (WDF) and the alienation coefficient was applied for the protection of the power transmission line (PTL) [10] of a utility network with solar energy penetration [11] and a hybrid grid with wind and solar energy penetration [12] This method has the merits of the fast recognition of faults for a time period of less than a quarter cycle. In [14], the authors presented a digital relaying scheme depending on the entropy principle, as well as the fast discrete orthogonal S-transform (FDOST) for the identification, classification, and localization of faults on the PTL This algorithm seems to be independent of the fault conditions, the incidence angle of the fault, and the resistance during the fault event and quickly and accurately detects the type of fault.
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