Hybridization of the rigorous coupled-wave approach with transformation optics for electromagnetic scattering by a surface-relief grating

Abstract

We hybridized the rigorous coupled-wave approach (RCWA) with transformation optics to develop a hybrid coordinate-transform method for solving the time-harmonic Maxwell equations in a 2D domain containing a surface-relief grating. In order to prove that this method converges for the p-polarization state, we studied several different but related scattering problems. The imposition of generalized non-trapping conditions allowed us to prove a-priori estimates for these problems. To do this, we proved a Rellich identity and used density arguments to extend the estimates to more general problems. These a-priori estimates were then used to analyze the hybrid method. We obtained convergence rates with respect to two different parameters, the first being a slice thickness indicative of spatial discretization in the depth dimension, the second being the number of terms retained in the Rayleigh–Bloch expansions of the electric and magnetic field phasors with respect to the other dimension. Testing with a numerical example revealed faster convergence than our analysis predicted. The hybrid method does not suffer from the Gibbs phenomenon seen with the standard RCWA.