Hybridization and In Vitro Seed Germination of a Commercial Hybrid Oncidium Orchid in Indonesia

Abstract

Oncidium is the one of orchid family that is not native Indonesia. In the development of Oncidium breeding are widely encountered difficulties, especially when using advanced commercially hybrid varieties. Hybridization and seed germination of Oncidium is still not established yet. The objectives of this study were to obtain population of hybridization and to identify the best medium culture of seed germination and planlet development of a commercial Oncidium Orchid in Indonesia. The observations were made at a percentage of the success of crosses, seed maturity, the length of the protocorm formation, the effect of media type and sucrose concentration. In this study, the percentage of the cross-success of Oncidium was 15.7% (85 capsules) from 566 crossing and 6.18% (35 capsules) germinated. The fruit harvest age of Oncidium crosses varies between 165 days to 245 days after crossing. The duration of protocorm germination varies between 17-82 days after spreading seed. Protocorms were growth well and fast on medium Tsuchiya supplemented with 1 mg L−1 BAP and 0.25 mg L−1 NAA. and plantlet formation were promoted on the same based media Tsuchiya but supplemented using 0.5 mgL−1 BAP and 0.1 mg L−1 NAA. The optimized protocol required about 24–30 weeks from the spread seed to the plantlet formation. Seedling were grown at size 5-7 cm immediately planted as pot community. The time of acclimatization varies between 6-8 months after the last subculture. while individual time ranges between 4-5 months after acclimatization. Hopefully, the current study will assist with future development of Oncidium Orchid breeding in Indonesia.